H O W W E S TA R T R E S E A R C H INTRODUCTIONS & TOPICS Broad FUNNEL Specific TEACHER TERM Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Jacob Campbell, LICSW Heritage University
AGENDA • Getting started with research methods and ideas for writing • How to determine our research topic • Steps in writing an introduction • Using a rubric to assess the introduction Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
YOU MUST BE NEW HERE
WHY RESEARCH Part of our everyday lives Competent and ethical practices Better Consumer of Information (DeCarlo, 2018) Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
I N A C A D E M I C PA P E R S , Y O U PRETTY MUCH NEED TO CITE EVERYTHING E X C E P T: • Historical overviews • Your own ideas or findings • Conclusions (drawn from previously cited work) • Common knowledge Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
Broad FUNNEL Specific Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
CRITERIA FOR A GOOD TOPIC Currency: It’s relevant today and is being discussed in the field Controversy: There is some debate about the issue (i.e., not everyone agrees) Verifiability: It’s something that can be documented and/or measured Focus: Not to broad and not too general (Alderman, 2014) Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
CHOOSING A TOPIC • Where you will be doing your practicum at • What populations you are most interested in • Social work topics you are interested in Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
WRITING THE INTRODUCTION BRIEF DESCRIPTION/DEFINITION/OVERVIEW OF TOPIC Domestic violence refers to any aggressive behavior within the home or between people who reside together. While many people imagine domestic violence as occurring between romantic partners (such as married or cohabitating couples), it can also involve other family members, such as parents and their children. Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
WRITING THE INTRODUCTION E X P L A N AT I O N O F P R E V A L E N C E / I M PA C T N AT I O N A L LY, S TAT E W I D E , A N D L O C A L LY Each year, approximately 4.8 million women and 2.9 million men are victims of intimate partner violence (CDC, 2016). Washington State numbers parallel these trends, with 1 in 10 Washingtonians reporting having been a victim of or witness to domestic violence in the past year (Washington State Department of Health, n.d.). In Yakima County, injuries from domestic violence are the third most common reason 18-24 year old women visit the ER (Schillreff, 2017). Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
WRITING THE INTRODUCTION S TAT E M E N T O F S I G N I F I C A N C E T H AT A N S W E R S THE QUESTION, WHY SHOULD THE READER CARE? Domestic violence leaves many scars and can cost society greatly. In Yakima County, the costs associated with ER visits alone total over $3 million dollars a year (Schillreff, 2017). However, very little is known about what interventions are most successful with Latino families in our area. This study hopes to fill that knowledge gap. Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
STEP 1: DEFINE YOUR GENERAL TOPIC Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
DEFINE YOUR TOPIC SUICIDE IS… CHILD ABUSE REFERS TO… DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IS… Native American retention refers to a university’s efforts to keep Native American students enrolled from one year until the next so they can ultimately complete their degrees. Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
STEP 2: EXPLAIN HOW BIG THE PROBLEM IS Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
EXPLAIN HOW BIG THE PROBLEM IS U S I N G S TAT I S T I C S Nationally… In Washington State… In Tri-Cities… Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
EXPLAIN HOW BIG THE P R O B L E M I S U S I N G S TAT I S T I C S EXAMPLE BY JULIE SCHILLREFF Native American students in the United States have the lowest six-year completion rate (41%) of any US ethnic group (NCES, 2016e) and are the least likely to earn a bachelor’s degree in their lifetime (NCES, 2016a). However, Native students in Washington State are out-performing their national peers in terms of college completion. At public universities, for example, 29% of Native students graduate in four years and 53% graduate within six years. At Heritage University, however, the six-year completion rate for Native American students (0%) falls well below state (45%) and national (48%) averages for this population (Chronicle of Higher Education, nd). Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
EXPLAIN HOW BIG THE P R O B L E M I S U S I N G S TAT I S T I C S EXAMPLE BY JULIE SCHILLREFF Native American students in the United States have the lowest six-year completion rate (41%) of any US ethnic group (NCES, 2016e) and are the least likely to earn a bachelor’s degree in their lifetime (NCES, 2016a). However, Native students in Washington State are out-performing their national peers in terms of college completion. At public universities, for I NNative T R O D Ustudents C E T O P I Cgraduate N AT I O N A LY example, 29% of inL four years and 53% graduate within six years. At Heritage University, however, the six-year completion rate for Native American students (0%) falls well below state (45%) and national (48%) averages for this population (Chronicle of Higher Education, nd). Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
EXPLAIN HOW BIG THE P R O B L E M I S U S I N G S TAT I S T I C S EXAMPLE BY JULIE SCHILLREFF Native American students in the United States have the lowest six-year completion rate (41%) of any US ethnic group (NCES, I N T R O D U C E T O P I C AT 2016e)T Hand are the least likely to earn a bachelor’s degree in E S TAT E L E V E L their lifetime (NCES, 2016a). However, Native students in Washington State are out-performing their national peers in terms of college completion. At public universities, for example, 29% of Native students graduate in four years and 53% graduate within six years. At Heritage University, however, the six-year completion rate for Native American students (0%) falls well below state (45%) and national (48%) averages for this population (Chronicle of Higher Education, nd). Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
EXPLAIN HOW BIG THE P R O B L E M I S U S I N G S TAT I S T I C S EXAMPLE BY JULIE SCHILLREFF Native American students in the United States have the lowest six-year completion rate (41%) of any US ethnic group (NCES, 2016e) and are the least likely to earn a bachelor’s degree in NTRODU C E T O P I CNative AT their lifetime (NCES, I2016a). However, students in THE LOCAL LEVEL Washington State are out-performing their national peers in terms of college completion. At public universities, for example, 29% of Native students graduate in four years and 53% graduate within six years. At Heritage University, however, the six-year completion rate for Native American students (0%) falls well below state (45%) and national (48%) averages for this population (Chronicle of Higher Education, nd). Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
S T E P 3 : S TAT E Y O U R SPECIFIC TOPIC Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
S TAT E Y O U R S P E C I F I C T O P I C I N O N E SENTENCE T H I S S T U D Y W I L L L O O K AT… This study will look at the impact of first-year seminars on Native American student retention at Heritage University. Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
STEP 4: EXPLAIN WHY THIS STUDY I S I M P O R TA N T ( S I G N I F I C A N C E ) Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
SIGNIFICANCE THIS STUDY IS SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE… This study is significant because it has the potential to increase completion rates among Native American students of Heritage University. Heritage students represent the New Majority—low-income, first generation, Native American and Latino college students—and while they arrive with dreams of completing a degree, most fail to do so. By helping us better understand what factors contribute to Native American retention, we can ensure that more Native American student earn degrees. Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
STEP 5: PUT IT ALL TOGETHER Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
Native American retention refers to a university’s efforts to keep Native American students enrolled from one year until the next so they can ultimately complete their degrees. Native American students in the United States have the lowest sixyear completion rate (41%) of any US ethnic group (NCES, 2016e) and are the least likely to earn a bachelor’s degree in their lifetime (NCES, 2016a). However, Native students in Washington State are out-performing their national peers in terms of college completion. At public universities, for example, 29% of Native students graduate in four years and 53% graduate within six years. At Heritage University, however, the six-year completion rate for Native American students (0%) falls well below state (45%) and national (48%) averages for this population (Chronicle of Higher Education, nd). This study will look at the impact of first-year seminars on Native American student retention at Heritage University. This study is significant because it has the potential to increase completion rates among Native American students of Heritage University. Heritage students represent the New Majority—low-income, first generation, Native American and Latino college students—and while they arrive with dreams of completing a degree, most fail to do so. By helping us better understand what factors contribute to Native American retention, we can ensure that more Native American student earn degrees. Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
S TA R T Y O U R O W N INTRODUCTION P U T T H E P E N T O PA P E R … Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
RUBRIC - INTRODUCTION INTRODUCING TOPIC FRAMING TOPIC CONVEYING SIGNIFICANCE OF TOPIC CSWE PRACTICE B E H AV I O R INITIAL EMERGING DEVELOPED H I G H LY DEVELOPED Topic Is Introduced Topic Is Weakly Introduced Topic Is Adequately Introduced Topic Is Clearly Introduced No Attempt At Framing Is Evident Topic Is Framed Either Nationally, At The State Level, Or Locally Topic Is Framed Nationally And/Or At The State Level And Locally Topic Is Framed Nationally, At The State Level, And Locally The Significance Of The Significance Of The Topic Is Weakly The Topic Is Not Conveyed To The Conveyed Reader The SIgnificance Of The Significance Of The Topic Is The Topic Is Clearly Adequately Conveyed To The Conveyed To The Reader Reader A P P LY C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G T O E N G A G E I N A N A LY S I S O F Q U A N T I TAT I V E A N D Q U A L I TAT I V E RESEARCH METHODS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS. Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
Recently, the F.B.I. and other local government agencies have become particularly watchful of international criminal organizations, which drew their origins from domestic street gangs. Two, in particular, have expanded their status toward that of transnational criminal organizations. They are the Eighteenth Street gang (Calle Dieciocho) and the Mara Salvatrucha gang. Both are originally from Los Angeles, California, an area most commonly known as the Pico-Union area. But today, “cliques” (subsets of member gangs) can now be found anywhere between the U.S., Mexico, and Central America (Vigil, 1998, p.92). This expansion has resulted, predominantly because of immigrant deportation, but also due to the gangs’ recruitment policies and drug smuggling activities. The sudden growth of these local street gangs into global networks continues to undermine authorities as to their power and most importantly, the infrastructure within the gangs. The consequences which may result from this power growth lie anywhere between an increase of narcotics trafficking, to the creation of another global terrorist threat. In order to decipher future consequences of these gangs, further analysis must be made as to how they once began. Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
Recently, the F.B.I. and other local government agencies have become particularly watchful of international criminal organizations, which drew their origins from domestic street gangs. Two, in particular, have expanded their status toward that of transnational criminal organizations. They are the Eighteenth Street gang (Calle Dieciocho) and the Mara Salvatrucha gang. Both are originally from Los Angeles, California, an area most commonly known as the Pico-Union area. But today, “cliques” (subsets of member gangs) can now be found anywhere between the U.S., Mexico, and Central America (Vigil, 1998, p.92). This expansion has resulted, predominantly because of immigrant deportation, but also due to the gangs’ recruitment policies and drug smuggling activities. The sudden growth of these local street gangs into global networks continues to undermine authorities as to their power and most importantly, the infrastructure within the gangs. The consequences which may result from this power growth lie anywhere between an increase of narcotics trafficking, to the creation of another global terrorist threat. In order to decipher future consequences of these gangs, further analysis must be made as to how they once began. Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
RUBRIC - INTRODUCTION INITIAL INTRODUCING Topic Is Introduced TOPIC EMERGING DEVELOPED H I G H LY DEVELOPED Topic Is Weakly Introduced Topic Is Adequately Introduced Topic Is Clearly Introduced Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
Recently, the F.B.I. and other local government agencies have become particularly watchful of international criminal organizations, which drew their origins from domestic street gangs. Two, in particular, have expanded their status toward that of transnational criminal organizations. They are the Eighteenth Street gang (Calle Dieciocho) and the Mara Salvatrucha gang. Both are originally from Los Angeles, California, an area most commonly known as the Pico-Union area. But today, “cliques” (subsets of member gangs) can now be found anywhere between the U.S., Mexico, and Central America (Vigil, 1998, p.92). This expansion has resulted, predominantly because of immigrant deportation, but also due to the gangs’ recruitment policies and drug smuggling activities. The sudden growth of these local street gangs into global networks continues to undermine authorities as to their power and most importantly, the infrastructure within the gangs. The consequences which may result from this power growth lie anywhere between an increase of narcotics trafficking, to the creation of another global terrorist threat. In order to decipher future consequences of these gangs, further analysis must be made as to how they once began. Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
RUBRIC - INTRODUCTION INITIAL FRAMING TOPIC H I G H LY EMERGING DEVELOPED DEVELOPED Topic Is Framed Topic Is Framed Topic Is Framed No Attempt At Either Nationally And/ Nationally, At Framing Is Nationally, At Or At The State The State Level, Evident The State Level, Level And And Locally Or Locally Locally Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
Recently, the F.B.I. and other local government agencies have become particularly watchful of international criminal organizations, which drew their origins from domestic street gangs. Two, in particular, have expanded their status toward that of transnational criminal organizations. They are the Eighteenth Street gang (Calle Dieciocho) and the Mara Salvatrucha gang. Both are originally from Los Angeles, California, an area most commonly known as the Pico-Union area. But today, “cliques” (subsets of member gangs) can now be found anywhere between the U.S., Mexico, and Central America (Vigil, 1998, p.92). This expansion has resulted, predominantly because of immigrant deportation, but also due to the gangs’ recruitment policies and drug smuggling activities. The sudden growth of these local street gangs into global networks continues to undermine authorities as to their power and most importantly, the infrastructure within the gangs. The consequences which may result from this power growth lie anywhere between an increase of narcotics trafficking, to the creation of another global terrorist threat. In order to decipher future consequences of these gangs, further analysis must be made as to how they once began. Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics
RUBRIC - INTRODUCTION INITIAL H I G H LY EMERGING DEVELOPED DEVELOPED The Significance The SIgnificance The Significance C O N V E Y I N G The Significance Of The Topic Is Of The Topic Is Of The Topic Is S I G N I F I C A N C E Of The Topic Is Weakly Adequately Clearly OF TOPIC Not Conveyed Conveyed To Conveyed To Conveyed To The Reader The Reader The Reader Jacob Campbell, LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2019 SOWK 459 Introductions & Topics