Fall 2023 SOWK 486w Week 12 - Effecting Change - Empathy, Confrontation, & Barriers

Effecting Change Empathy, Confrontation, & Barriers Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Agenda Plan for Week 13 Additive Empathy & Interpretation Confrontation Barriers to change Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

w e each see the world differently Photo from Boating excursion from Margarita Island in Venezuela (Lieber, 1994)

1. Individually write down words or phrases that give the word meaning to you 2. Share individual meanings with group members 3. Follow group process for de ning term for the group Success Freedom Morality Injustice Community Democracy Police Human rights Love Tolerance Prejudice Friend Sexism Family Racism (Lieber, 1994) fi Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Types of Empathy Fundamental Expressions Emotional Empathy Cognitive Empathy expressed feeling and an understanding that infers or re ects clients’ emotions is the translation of such feelings into words (Hepworth, et al. 2022) fl Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Components of Empathy Three Parts of Empathetic Responding We recognize ourselves as di erent and similar to the client Self-Awareness Skills in both turning on receptivity and turning it o Affective Sharing Person sharing something to respond to Empathy Mental Flexibility (Hepworth, et al. 2017) ff f Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Interpretation is intended to help clients view their problems from a di erent perspective, thereby creating new possibilities for remedial courses of action Simple Re ection What the client knows about themselves ff Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University fl 􀝻􀳾 Going Beyond What the Client Has Expressed Additive Empathic Responses & Interpretation Too Far (Hepworth, et al. 2022) Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Pitfalls of Additive Empathy (Hepworth, et al. 2022) Moderate Interpretations vs. Deep Interpretations • Working relationship has evolved • Engaged and ready for selfexploration • Pitch these responses to the edge of clients’ self-awareness • Avoid making several additive ff ff empathic responses in succession • Phrase interpretive responses in tentative terms • Note clients’ reactions after o ering the interpretation • Acknowledge your probable error & respond empathically • Culturally di erences

Ways of Using Additive Empathy What Context Do we Use it • Deeper feelings • Identify feelings implied or hinted at in clients’ verbal messages • To identify feelings that underlie surface emotions • To clarify the nature of feelings clients express only vaguely • To identify feelings manifested only nonverbally • Challenging beliefs stated as facts (Hepworth, et al. 2022) Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Ways of Using Additive Empathy What Context Do we Use it • Deeper feelings • Underlying meanings of feelings, thoughts, and behavior • Wants and goals • Hidden purposes of behavior • Challenge beliefs stated as facts • Unrealized strengths and potentialities (Hepworth, et al. 2022) Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Additive Empathy and Interpretation Practice with Client Statements Review Skill Development and Exercises for Addictive Empathy and Interpretation • What would you say Client Statements on pp.401-402. • Role-play saying it With a partner take turns going through each example and offering potential interpretations. • Feedback from group members After you have done these steps, look at and talk about the modeled responses (Hepworth et al. 2022, p. 397) Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Confrontation A Range of Confrontation Skills SelfConfrontation Assertive Confrontation When clients, in response to social workers’ questions, re ect on the relationship between their behaviors and their own values. Social worker-initiated confrontation in which the connection between troubling thoughts, plans, values, and beliefs is stated in declarative form, connecting them explicitly for the client. (Hepworth, et al. 2022) fl Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Effective Assertive Confrontation • Expression of concern • A description of the client’s purported goal, belief, or commitment • The behavior (or absence of behavior) that is inconsistent or discrepant with the goal, belief, or commitment • The probable negative outcomes of the discrepant behavior (Hepworth, et al. 2022) Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Effective Assertive Confrontation Illustrative Example I am concerned because you (want, believe, are striving to) _____________________ (describe desired outcome) ________________________________________________ (describe discrepant action, behavior, or inaction) but you _________________________________________ probable negative consequences) is likely to produce (describe _______________________________ Review Skill Development and Exercises for Confrontation: Situations and Dialog on pp.403-404. With a partner take turns role playing responses and talking through the examples. (Hepworth et al. 2022, p. 397) Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Barriers to Change What Gets in the Way Sometimes • Problematic social worker behavior • Cross-racial and cross-cultural experiences • Di culties establishing trust • Transference • Countertransference (Hepworth, et al. 2022) ffi Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Death Therapy - Counter-transference What About Bob?

Reactance Theory The Larger the Loss, the Larger the Reaction Mental Effects: Perceptual or judgmental changes Importance of freedom Reactance Magnitude of threat to freedom Behavioral Effects: Opposition, aggression, etc. (Brehm, 1972) Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Hope Person Driven Many Pathways Respect Strengths & Responsibilities Working De nition of Recovery Holistic SAMHSA Addresses Trauma Peer Support Culture Relational (SAMHSA, 2012) fi Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Person Driven Hope Many Pathways Respect Strengths & Responsibilities Working De nition of Recovery Recovery is real Holistic SAMHSA Addresses Trauma Peer Support Culture Recovery emerges from hope Relational People can and do overcome Hope is internalized Hope is the catalyst of the recovery process (SAMHSA, 2012) fi Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Hope Person Driven Many Pathways Respect Strengths & Responsibilities Working De nition of Recovery Recovery is real Holistic SAMHSA Addresses Trauma Peer Support Culture Recovery emerges from hope Relational People can and do overcome Hope is internalized Hope is the catalyst of the recovery process (SAMHSA, 2012) fi Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Person Driven Hope Many Pathways Respect Strengths & Responsibilities Working De nition of Recovery Holistic SAMHSA Addresses Trauma Peer Support Culture Relational Recovery is person-driven Foundation for recovery Assists recovery and resilience Empowering and providing resources (SAMHSA, 2012) fi Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Individuals are unique Hope Pathways are highly personalized Person Driven Many Pathways Respect Strengths & Responsibilities Working De nition of Recovery Must foster resilience Holistic SAMHSA Addresses Trauma Peer Support Culture Recovery is non-linear Relational Focus on abstinence Creating a supportive environment Recovery occurs via many pathways (SAMHSA, 2012) fi Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Hope Person Driven Many Pathways Respect Strengths & Responsibilities Recovery is holistic Working De nition of Recovery Holistic SAMHSA Addresses Trauma Peer Support Culture Encompasses an individual’s whole life Relational Addresses a range of areas Integrated and coordinated services and supports (SAMHSA, 2012) fi Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Hope Person Driven Many Pathways Respect Strengths & Responsibilities Working De nition of Recovery Holistic SAMHSA Addresses Trauma Culture Relational Recovery is supported by peers and allies Mutual support and mutual aid groups Developing a sense of belonging Peer Support Using peer operated supports & services Very important for children with behavioral health problems (SAMHSA, 2012) fi Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Hope Person Driven Many Pathways Respect Strengths & Responsibilities Working De nition of Recovery Holistic SAMHSA Addresses Trauma Peer Support Culture Relational Recovery is supported through relationship and social networks Presence and involvement of people who believe in the person’s ability to recover Through relationships people engage in new roles (SAMHSA, 2012) fi Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Hope Person Driven Many Pathways Respect Strengths & Responsibilities Working De nition of Recovery Holistic SAMHSA Addresses Trauma Recovery is culturally-based and influenced Services should be culturally grounded Peer Support Relational Culture (SAMHSA, 2012) fi Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Hope Person Driven Many Pathways Respect Strengths & Responsibilities Working De nition of Recovery Holistic SAMHSA Peer Support Addresses Trauma Culture Recovery is supported by addressing trauma Trauma is often a precursor to or associated concerns Relational Should be traumainformed (SAMHSA, 2012) fi Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Hope Person Driven Many Pathways Respect Strengths & Responsibilities Working De nition of Recovery Holistic Have strengths and resources SAMHSA Addresses Trauma Peer Support Culture Recovery involves individual, family, and community strengths and responsibility Relational Empowerment Communities have responsibilities to provide opportunities and resources Work collectively (SAMHSA, 2012) fi Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w

Hope Respect Person Driven Many Pathways Strengths & Responsibilities Working De nition of Recovery Holistic SAMHSA Addresses Trauma Peer Support Culture Recovery is based on respect Relational Focus on protecting rights and eliminating discrimination Steps towards recovery take great courage Self acceptance (SAMHSA, 2012) fi Jacob Campbell, Ph.D. LICSW at Heritage University Fall 2023 SOWK 486w